CIRCULATORY SYSTEM in HUMAN

Blood Circulatory Organs

Blood Circulatory Organs in human consists of heart and blood vessels that contain blood

                - heart

                - blood vessels

Heart

Function : blood  pumping device  & the centre of blood circulatory system (from the heart blood flows to the entire part of body)

The heart consist of 4 chambers:

                - left atrium

                - right atrium

                - left ventricle

                - rigth ventricle

The ventricle wall is thicker than atrium wall because have to work harder to pump blood to all parts of body

There is valve between atrium and ventricle, function to prevent for blood doesn’t flow back to atrium

The cardiac consist of three layer :

                - epicardium (outer layer)

                - myocardium (cardiac muscle)

                - Endocardium (inner layer)

The heart is covered with 2 layers of membranes called pericardium

The heart work’s

The atrium expand, the blood enters the atrium

The atrium contract, the blood the blood from the atrium enters ventricles

The ventricle contract, blood comes out from the ventricle

Heartbeat occurs if the cardiac muscle contracts.

Cardiac muscle works by contraction and ralaxation.

When cardiac muscle contracts, the heart is budding so its produces high pressure called Systole (120 ventricle contract)

When the cardiac muscles in relaxation, the heart develops so happens refilling og blood called Diastole (80 ventricle relax)

Blood vessels

Function : as canals for flowing place of blood from the entire body back to the heart.

There are 3 types of blood vessels :

                - Artery (Pembuluh nadi)

                - Vein (Pembuluh balik)

                - Cappilary (Pembuh kapiler)

Differences

Artery

According to its size, is separated into 3 :

Aorta (The largest artery)

That is the artery that leaves cardiac left ventricle goes to the entire part of the body

Artery (smaller size than aorta)

Vessels with blood that is rich of O2 so it leaves heart by carrying clean blood and circulates its blood to the entire part of the body

Arteriole (smallest size)

Vein

The vein consist of

Body vein

That carries blood that is rich of CO2

                - superior vein cava (which carries the blood from the head and upper limb)

                - inferior vein cava (that carries blood from the body and below lower limb)

Pulmonary vein

That carries blood from lung that is rich O2

Capillary

Is the smoothest vessel and consist of 1 layer of cell.

That relates between artery and vein

In this blood vessels is circulated to the cells and burning waste from cells is transported

Blood

Plasma

55 % of our blood is plasma

Function : as transportof nutrients to all parts of body

Plasma : 90% is water and 10 % is :

                - protein (fibrinogen, albumin, prothombin, globulin)

                - mineral salts (NaCl, K, Ca, PO4, … )

                - food essences (glucose, amino acids, fatty acid, glycerol, vitamins)

                - enzyme, hormone, antybody, and antigens

                - the remian of metabolims (urea & uric acid)

                - gaseosus (O2 & CO2)

Blood cells

45 % our blood is blood cells

Consist of :

                - erythrocyte

                - leucocyte

                - thrombocyte

Erythrocyte

A flat-round shape & biconcave

Have no nuclues

± 5 juta/mm3 in man

                ± 4 juta/mm3 in woman

Formed in red marrow, lymph, liver

Live  in ± 120 days old

Has a Hemoglobin to bind oxygen – HbO2

Will be damage in the liver & lymph

                - hemin -> bile pigment (bilirubin)

                - globin

                - Fe

Function :

                - to transport oxygen

Leucocyte

Shape is irregular

Can move amoeboid (like amoebas)

Can pass through the walls of capilaries blood vessels, is called Diapendesis

Have nucleus

± 6000 – 9000 /mm3

Formed in red marrow the spleen, lymph glands

Five kinds :

                - neutrophils

                - eosinophil

                - basophil

                - monocyte

                - lymphochyte

Function :

To kill  disease germ by eating them and forms antobody to protect body

Thrombochyte

Have an irregular shape and lack nucleus

± 200.000-300.000/mm3

Formed in red marrow

Live  in ± 8 days old

Function :

To blood clothing

Blood type

Aglutinogen (antigen) : zat yang digumpalkan

Antigen yang terdapat di dalam sel darah merah yang peka terhadap aglutinasi/penggumpalan darah

Aglutinin (antibodi) : zat yang menggumpalkan

Antibodi yang terdapat dalam plasma darah (Serum)/substansi yang menyebabkan aglutinasi sel

Jika darah diuji dengan serum aglutinin A menggumpal, maka kemungkinan gol darah orang tsb adalah A atau AB. Jika darah tidak menggumpal, kemungkinan adalah gol darah B atau O

Jika darah diuji dengan serum aglutinin B menggumpal, maka kemungkinan gol darah orang tsb adalah B atau AB. Jika darah tidak menggumpal, kemungkinan adalah gol darah A atau O

Donor universal : O

The person who donate his blood

Recipient universal : AB

The person who receives blood

Blood circulation

Blood circulation in human is closed blood circulation (blood always circulates inside vessels)

The human circulatory system is called a double cyrculation (the blood passes through the heart twice for each complete of the body)

                - small blood circulation

                - large blood circulation

Small

The heart (right ventricle) – the lung – the heart (left atrium)

Large

The heart (left ventricle) – all part of the body – the heart (right atrium)